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FBC) without substantial contributions from Neolithic foragers.īattle Axe Culture Corded Ware Culture European Neolithic ancient DNA demography migration.Įvershed RP, Davey Smith G, Roffet-Salque M, Timpson A, Diekmann Y, Lyon MS, Cramp LJE, Casanova E, Smyth J, Whelton HL, Dunne J, Brychova V, Šoberl L, Gerbault P, Gillis RE, Heyd V, Johnson E, Kendall I, Manning K, Marciniak A, Outram AK, Vigne JD, Shennan S, Bevan A, Colledge S, Allason-Jones L, Amkreutz L, Anders A, Arbogast RM, Bălăşescu A, Bánffy E, Barclay A, Behrens A, Bogucki P, Carrancho Alonso Á, Carretero JM, Cavanagh N, Claßen E, Collado Giraldo H, Conrad M, Csengeri P, Czerniak L, Dębiec M, Denaire A, Domboróczki L, Donald C, Ebert J, Evans C, Francés-Negro M, Gronenborn D, Haack F, Halle M, Hamon C, Hülshoff R, Ilett M, Iriarte E, Jakucs J, Jeunesse C, Johnson M, Jones AM, Karul N, Kiosak D, Kotova N, Krause R, Kretschmer S, Krüger M, Lefranc P, Lelong O, Lenneis E, Logvin A, Lüth F, Marton T, Marley J, Mortimer R, Oosterbeek L, Oross K, Pavúk J, Pechtl J, Pétrequin P, Pollard J, Pollard R, Powlesland D, Pyzel J, Raczky P, Richardson A, Rowe P, Rowland S, Rowlandson I, Saile T, Sebők K, Schier W, Schmalfuß G, Sharapova S, Sharp H, Sheridan A, Shevnina I, Sobkowiak-Tabaka I, Stadler P, Stäuble H, Stobbe A, Stojanovski D, Tasić N, van Wijk I, Vostrovská I, Vuković J, Wolfram S, Zeeb-Lanz A, Thomas MG. The BAC groups likely mixed with resident middle Neolithic farmers (e.g.
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Furthermore, we highlight the reuse of megalithic tombs of the earlier Funnel Beaker Culture (FBC) by people related to BAC. Thus, the steppe ancestry seen in these Scandinavian BAC individuals can be explained only by migration into Scandinavia. Similar to continental CWC, the BAC-associated individuals display ancestry from the Pontic-Caspian steppe herders, as well as smaller components originating from hunter-gatherers and Early Neolithic farmers. By analysing these genomes together with the previously published data, we show that the BAC represents a group different from other Neolithic populations in Scandinavia, revealing stratification among cultural groups. Three of the individuals were from CWC contexts and two from the central-Swedish BAC burial 'Bergsgraven'. We sequenced 11 individuals (dated to 3330-1665 calibrated before common era (cal BCE)) from modern-day Sweden, Estonia, and Poland to 0.26-3.24× coverage. To understand the population dynamics in Neolithic Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea area, we investigate the genomes of individuals associated with the Battle Axe Culture (BAC), a Middle Neolithic complex in Scandinavia resembling the continental Corded Ware Culture (CWC). The Neolithic period is characterized by major cultural transformations and human migrations, with lasting effects across Europe. 10 Osteoarchaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology, and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.9 Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.8 Graduate School of Contract Archaeology, Department of Archaeology, Linneaus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden.7 Department of Archaeology, Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia.6 Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Centre for Studies into Late Antiquity and Early Medieval Times, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-612 Poznań, Poland.5 Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK.4 Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University-Campus Gotland, 621 67 Visby, Sweden.Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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3 Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul.2 Centre for Anthropological Research, Department of Anthropology and Development Studies, University of Johannesburg, 2006 Auckland Park, South Africa.1 Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.